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Lentis/The Text Effect
Technologies such as text messaging increase convenience and efficiency, but carry with them unintended risks. History[edit | edit source]In 1984 Global System for Mobile Communications invented the text message [1] On December 3, 1992, Neil Papworth sent the first text message from his computer to Richard Jarvis’ phone and it said, “Merry Christmas.” [2] Just eight years later, the texting craze began in the United States. The average text messages sent per month rose from 0.4 messages per month in 1995 to 35 messages per month in 2000.[3] Text messaging has been escalating since 2000 with new and better technology coming out all the time. Texting Demographics[edit | edit source]Although texting affects all age ranges in the United States, the largest group texting is 13 to 17 years of age, or teenagers. [4] The average American teen sent 3,339 text messages per month in 2010, as compared to 191 phone calls per month. Teen females drive up that average, at 4,050 texts per month. There has been a 611% increase in the number of text messages sent per month in three years. While safety was the main reported reason teens got cell phones in 2008, today, the ability to text outranks both safety and the ability to contact friends or family by phone.[5]
The next age demographic (18-24 years) sends less than half the texts of teenagers, at 1,630 per month. In all groups under age 55, voice usage of cell phones is declining while text messaging is increasing. [6]
Because of this sudden increase in texting especially among teenagers, there is great concern. Although text messaging provides benefits such as convenience and efficiency in communication, there may be risks that are not being taken into account by users such as learning, health, and privacy affects.
The changing use of English in text messaging may affect language development. Textese[edit | edit source]Texting has spurred the development of its own language, referred to as “textese” or “txtspk.” In the interest of convenience, text users shorten or substitute words for brevity, and to maximize content in 160 characters. The online texting dictionary NetLingo includes 2,039 different texting acronyms and shorthand.[7] Usage is prevalent enough that the 2011 Oxford English dictionary included LOL, OMG, FYI, IMHO, BFF, and ♥. [8] The main three categories of textese are:
homophones: replacing parts of words with letters or numbers that sound the same
gr8 'great,' RU 'are you'
initials: replacing a phrase with a group of letters
ROFL 'rolling on the floor laughing'
omissions: dropping "non-essential" letters when spelling words
wud 'would' Language Development[edit | edit source]While teens send the most text messages, the younger half of this group is shown to be the most accepting of textese. This invites concern as the adolescent age group is also still learning grammar in the middle school setting. [9] Studies by Wake Forest and Penn State show a negative correlation between the increased use of textese and scores on standardized grammar tests, controlling for age and grade. The effect was more exaggerated in younger students than the college age demographic.[10]. The same effect has been shown in studies in Finland,[11] Sweden,[12] and Great Britain.[13] Poor grammar scores in the Wake Forest study were predicted by total textese in texts both sent and received. This suggests that parents can negatively impact their children's language development in their own use of textese.
Texting also has an impact on vocabulary. A University of Calgary study found that those who text more are less accepting of the use of new words, as opposed to those who primary read print media. Students are exposed to greater variety of language in traditional print media than peer-to-peer texting. [14] [...]
Lentis/The Text Effect
Technologies such as text messaging increase convenience and efficiency, but carry with them unintended risks. History[edit | edit source]In 1984 Global System for Mobile Communications invented the text message [1] On December 3, 1992, Neil Papworth sent the first text message from his computer to Richard Jarvis’ phone and it said, “Merry Christmas.” [2] Just eight years later, the texting craze began in the United States. The average text messages sent per month rose from 0.4 messages per month in 1995 to 35 messages per month in 2000.[3] Text messaging has been escalating since 2000 with new and better technology coming out all the time. Texting Demographics[edit | edit source]Although texting affects all age ranges in the United States, the largest group texting is 13 to 17 years of age, or teenagers. [4] The average American teen sent 3,339 text messages per month in 2010, as compared to 191 phone calls per month. Teen females drive up that average, at 4,050 texts per month. There has been a 611% increase in the number of text messages sent per month in three years. While safety was the main reported reason teens got cell phones in 2008, today, the ability to text outranks both safety and the ability to contact friends or family by phone.[5]
The next age demographic (18-24 years) sends less than half the texts of teenagers, at 1,630 per month. In all groups under age 55, voice usage of cell phones is declining while text messaging is increasing. [6]
Because of this sudden increase in texting especially among teenagers, there is great concern. Although text messaging provides benefits such as convenience and efficiency in communication, there may be risks that are not being taken into account by users such as learning, health, and privacy affects.
The changing use of English in text messaging may affect language development. Textese[edit | edit source]Texting has spurred the development of its own language, referred to as “textese” or “txtspk.” In the interest of convenience, text users shorten or substitute words for brevity, and to maximize content in 160 characters. The online texting dictionary NetLingo includes 2,039 different texting acronyms and shorthand.[7] Usage is prevalent enough that the 2011 Oxford English dictionary included LOL, OMG, FYI, IMHO, BFF, and ♥. [8] The main three categories of textese are:
homophones: replacing parts of words with letters or numbers that sound the same
gr8 'great,' RU 'are you'
initials: replacing a phrase with a group of letters
ROFL 'rolling on the floor laughing'
omissions: dropping "non-essential" letters when spelling words
wud 'would' Language Development[edit | edit source]While teens send the most text messages, the younger half of this group is shown to be the most accepting of textese. This invites concern as the adolescent age group is also still learning grammar in the middle school setting. [9] Studies by Wake Forest and Penn State show a negative correlation between the increased use of textese and scores on standardized grammar tests, controlling for age and grade. The effect was more exaggerated in younger students than the college age demographic.[10]. The same effect has been shown in studies in Finland,[11] Sweden,[12] and Great Britain.[13] Poor grammar scores in the Wake Forest study were predicted by total textese in texts both sent and received. This suggests that parents can negatively impact their children's language development in their own use of textese.
Texting also has an impact on vocabulary. A University of Calgary study found that those who text more are less accepting of the use of new words, as opposed to those who primary read print media. Students are exposed to greater variety of language in traditional print media than peer-to-peer texting. [14] [...]